经济学人：不受欢迎的游客

Child-sex tourism in South-East Asia

东南亚的儿童性旅游业

Unwanted visitors

不受欢迎的游客

Aug 21st 2008 | BANGKOK
From The Economist print edition

The law catches up with travelling paedophiles

法律捕捉恋童癖游客

IN THE 1970s he was one of Britain's most popular entertainers. Now Paul Gadd, alias the glam-rocker Gary Glitter, is among its most reviled figures. On August 19th Vietnam expelled Mr Gadd after he had served almost three years in prison for indecency with two girls aged 11. Four days earlier another high-profile paedophile, Christopher Neil, a Canadian teacher (pictured), was jailed by a Thai court for 39 months for molesting a 14-year-old boy. Interpol had launched a worldwide hunt for Mr Neil after photographs of him having sex with boys were found on another paedophile's computer, with his face blurred in a swirling pattern.

曾用艺名为"魅力摇滚盖瑞・格利特"的保罗・盖德，是上世纪70年代著名的娱乐明星，现在他已是臭名昭著。8月19日，曾因和两名11岁女孩有不正当关系而入狱3年的盖得被越南驱逐出境。4天前，另一个恋童癖者克里斯多夫・尼尔，一名加拿大教师，因为骚扰一名14岁的男孩而被判39个月的监禁。此前，国际刑警在另一名恋童癖者的电脑中发现了尼尔和男童发生性关系的照片后，发布了国际通缉令。这些照片是经过模糊处理的。

South-East Asia has many of the world's most popular tourist attractions, and some large populations of Western expatriates. But it also has weak law enforcement, a large sex industry and much poverty. So it has become a favoured destination for paedophiles. Mr Gadd, who has spent time in a British prison for possessing child pornography, was expelled by Cambodia in 2002 after allegations of importuning for sex. He later turned up in Vietnam, and was arrested in 2005. Mr Neil travelled Asia as a language teacher while seeking boys to molest.

东南亚是全球著名的旅游胜地，而且有一些规模很大的西方移民团体。不过当地法律不健全，存在庞大的性产业和贫穷问题。所以一度成为恋童癖者理想的目的地。盖德曾因占有儿童色情作品而在英国被监禁。2002年他又因性指控而被柬埔寨驱逐出境。之后他转战越南，并于2005年被捕。尼尔曾以英语教师的身份游走亚洲，侍机对儿童实施性侵犯。

In March a United Nations envoy on children's rights, Juan Miguel Petit, accused Cambodia, along with Thailand and India, of doing too little to curb child-sex tourism, for fear of damaging tourism revenues. But there are signs that the authorities are starting to take action and that it is having results. Action Pour Les Enfants (APLE), a charity, notes that Cambodia prosecuted 17 paedophilia cases last year, a sharp rise on previous years. Samleang Seila, APLE's chief in Cambodia, says police are increasingly prepared to act when presented with evidence but are constrained by limited manpower.

5月联合国儿童权利大使Juan Miguel Petit指责柬埔寨、泰国和印度，在阻止儿童性产业方面不够有力，只因为担心减少旅游业收入。不过迹象显示，当局已经有所行动，并有了进展。一家慈善机构Action Pour Les Enfants (APLE)指出，柬埔寨去年对17起儿童性骚扰案件提起控诉，较往年有大幅提升。APLE组织驻柬埔寨的主席Samleang Seila说，当地警方在证据充足的前提下显著增加了行动的力度，主要限制是人力不足。

Tom Steinfatt of the University of Miami, who studies the trafficking of women and children in South-East Asia, says under-age prostitution has declined sharply in Cambodia. It is now a "very small" part of the sex industry there. His studies suggest that the number of child prostitutes in Cambodia is far below earlier estimates of 15,000.

迈阿密大学研究东南亚妇女儿童买卖的Tom Steinfatt说，柬埔寨雏妓数量已经锐减。目前只是整个性产业"很小"的一部分。他的研究表明，比起早前大约15000名的雏妓数量，这个数字已经少了很多。

Mr Samleang says some countries are trying harder than others to stop their nationals going abroad to molest children. America and Germany, he says, are leading the way in issuing warnings about suspected paedophiles travelling to Cambodia. By contrast, in the recent prosecution of a Russian man for abusing boys, the judge said a Russian embassy employee had paid the man's fines. Richer Asian countries, such as Japan, whose paedophiles travel to Cambodia, are also responding inadequately, says APLE's Mr Samleang. Matthew Friedman, who runs a United Nations project to curb the trafficking of women and children, says such countries would not want to be seen as protecting their paedophiles: a bit of "peer pressure" from the more conscientious countries would easily persuade them to take a tougher line.

Samleang先生提到，部分国家比别的国家采取更有力的措施，来阻止本国公民到国外去骚扰儿童。比如美国和德国，他说，正在就一项关于可疑的恋童癖者到柬埔寨旅行而发出警告的提议进行讨论。与此相反的是，在最近的一起关于一个俄国人虐待男童的指控中，法官说，一名俄国大使馆成员替他缴纳了罚款。富裕的亚洲国家，比如日本，对本国恋童癖者的外出柬埔寨猎艳行为也同样反应失当，APLE组织的Samleang先生说。主持联合国一个防止妇女儿童拐卖项目的马修・弗里德曼说，这些国家并不想落下保护恋童癖者的恶名：更多有良知国家的行为会用行动劝说他们提高自己的底线。

Some countries now have laws to prosecute nationals who molest children abroad and to curb paedophiles' foreign travel. Britain this week announced a toughening of its laws, to allow for travel bans of up to five years on convicted paedophiles. But children's charities criticise the government for making insufficient use of the existing law.

一些国家已经制定了指控本国恋童癖海外犯罪的法律，并且阻止他们出国旅行。英国本周宣布一项法律强化措施，对指控为恋童癖的罪犯禁止外出旅游的期限提高到5年。不过儿童慈善团体仍旧批评政府，仅仅利用现有法律还远远不够。

Catching foreign child-sex tourists is only part of the problem. Mr Friedman notes that South-East Asian governments still sometimes talk as if there were no home-grown paedophiles. Often, as used to be the case in the West, the powerful are used to being above the law, and children who complain of abuse are disbelieved. But again, things seem to be changing. Last year a former deputy speaker of the Thai senate was jailed for molesting under-age girls. In another case two Bangkok schoolteachers were accused of molesting pupils. Their school campaigned in their defence but their prosecution went ahead and they were each given 50 years' jail.

逮捕国外儿童性犯罪游客仅仅是问题的一部分。弗里德曼先生指出，东南亚国家政府仍然认为，本国并不存在土生土长的恋童癖。经常在类似的案件中，多数针对西方，权力的使用超出了法律的界限，对抱怨遭到性侵犯的儿童也往往不被相信。不过再一次，事情开始有所改观。去年泰国参议院的一名前发言人因为侵犯未成年女孩而被监禁。另一案件中两名教师被指控性侵犯学生。学校同仁为他们辩护，不过他们的指控仍旧成立，并分别被判50年度监禁。